Mussolini, known as " Il Duce " (the Leader), ruled as a dictator from that point on. At the present moment you are the protagonists of an event which the political history of tomorrow will remember as the speech to the workers of Milan.. On Dec. g a battle was thus started, which was only five or ten days in advance of ours, and which brought the enemy to Bengazi. 20 0 obj The first gathering was that of the farmers whose gifts will help to ease the poverty of many families all over Italy. On this day in 1936, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini gave a speech in Milan celebrating a new treaty of friendship with Germany and a political realignment of Italy. This would bring about a change not only in the European political map, but also in the worlds map. Germany has not yet brought to the limit the employment of her human forces. On May 9, 1936, Mussolini gave one of his most famous and well-known speeches after Italy has the second Italo-Ethiopian war. 4 0 obj To ensure you can use all the features please enable it. Not only the remnants of few or many individuals, but also the end of a phase of contemporary history, of a period which may be defined as liberal-capitalistic economy. Have you ever asked yourselves in an hour of meditation, which every one finds during the day, how long we have been at war. 1. Italy, led by dictator Benito Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia. Occupied France, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg are, like the Scandinavian and Danubian worlds, within the orbit of Germany. Thus, when most people think of social justice in todays context, what comes to mind is a certain form of Liberal Capitalist opportunism in which appeals to Social Justice are promised but never acted upon. No. Council. Unlike the Fascist version, the Churchs Corporatism did survive for a time after 1945 among the various Christian Democratic parties throughout Western Europe, the parties advocating for some kind of Welfare Capitalism alongside their Social-Democratic counterparts. I say this because most people nowadays understand the term in the context of Social Liberalism. We can understand Churchills ordering the shelling of industrial plants at Genoa to disrupt work, but to shell the city in order to break down its morale is a childish illusion. This latter had ten divisions. His discourse was acclaimed by a big crowd in the street at 22:30 in the evening. If anyone ever provides me with a good English translation of any of his writing, from a proper source, Id definitely consider uploading it. Anyone can read what you share. 209 Benito Mussolini Speech Premium High Res Photos Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Briand, Aristide. The Greek losses are very high and shortly it will be Spring, and as befits such a season our season-beautiful things will grow. Let it be said for foreigners who are always ready to libel that the comportment of German soldiers in Sicily and Libya is under all respects perfect and worthy of a strong army and a strong people brought up under severe discipline. The capital of Addis Ababa fell in May 1936. stream Things being as they are, no one must not be surprised if we now make directly for a general military preparation of the Italian people. This is why-and was publicly declared in December, 1939-when the reckoning of accounts had to be reached between two worlds which were inevitably antagonistic, we preferred to have it retarded as long as necessary for us to replace that which we consumed or ceded. x+TT(c}\C|@ 1 Screenocean provides unparalleled access to unique and quality content from around the world, captured from 1896 to the present day. This is why I shall make a brief survey of the horizon, which I shall restrict to neighbouring countries towards which our attitude cannot be one of indifference, but must either be hostile or friendly. Benito Mussolini: A Speech to the People of Rome - New Hartford Not sure if you are aware of this or not, the Church was also open to the possibility of Distributism as an alternate model of economic governance, which has turned out to be the case in some circles after Vatican II. The first condition for a policy of friendship, not intended to become frozen in diplomatic protocols, but to slide gradually into the heart of the multitude, is that the valour of the Italian Army which fought for everybody, should not be doubted; shreds of flesh were left in the trenches of the Carso, of Macedonia, of Bligny. You need to login before you can save preferences. 2612 whole: Duration 16, Number Of Items 1. Mussolini's Speech to the Workers of Milan October 6, 1934 Blackshirts of Milan, comrade workers! Object of the Month - Benito Mussolini Ethiopian War Speech Scarf After World War I, the Covenant of the League of Nations established a system by which the League was empowered to confer upon certain of the victorious powers mandates to administer territories Great Britain - League of Nations. As a member of the League of Nations, Ethiopia brought the case before the Council, but Mussolini ignored all League proposals to resolve the crisis. The Conference was marred by difficulties, particularly as the economic and political instability of the period made the prospect of disarmament unattractive for many European states. But the topic of Corporatism among Catholic circles is an interesting case since I do not encounter Catholics describing Corporatism in the same sense as the Fascist model. Wu?~C=,)qpI>Jn a#$yxhbb!9 kka2p {6{t*C9AZs#&AjA?vl=A?v pEA9 TzU&$$JANkgqPg~4!=k1 kK?60WEh+c6g9@N.pF>yr$%W9Me}mGv6| 5._!Qc[PKC2U%cx0- WVRPL[> C\[CeR(9qlK\KgWZ=LrPZJEAy>-=xHIc=b#>FG^l Vsr aM0Ve VWf=%e38@r2\y]$|{%-yyU+%18@BY[^{w ~kRsPUPD8 M-r- 1935-10-02. << It means work guaranteed, fair wages, decent homes, it means the possibility of continuous evolution and improvement. Countless fortunes were annihilated, and many people did not outlive the disaster. FV>2 u/_$\BCv< 5]s.,4&yUx~xw-bEDCHGKwFGEGME{EEKX,YFZ ={$vrK But to our average Italian at that time in 1934, they probably would not notice the fundamental difference between the two distinct concepts. There is no doubt that over the past year at least, our relations with France have improved considerably. Signed by France, Germany, capture of the World Digital Library site. In the Mediterranean Italy is allied with a friendly Spain. It is not a crisis in the traditional sense of the term, it is the passage from one phase of civilisation to another. On October 3, 1935, Italian forces invaded Ethiopia from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. *rG\3_km=[m['v`p5)#Z%)Xy!wYx`^ E|?ZM4{>n,;%[8t:XpJf!mM);Xo)/>w6een[pt$id;/mUvr=8b3Du-*ChiCn4avlT/`JM.`z&&O!3q}ivUA0Ok:G8hmV'?J"V%cre;K |NQua-E^RO*~ts1G>,kBH)a\|(~v/N`AH @K,0FQXP Ry.! )zH &w62,$L CrMZI(*j1XV_F6"U>6)r,]Xn({_Nl|DA2Voj^3RR=K")Gv"XQ&V Eighth, in this gigantic struggle Italy has a first-class job. Since you've made it this far, we want to assume you're a real, live human. Of his attitude to Austria, he wrote in a February 1935 edition of Il Popolo dItalia: I believe that by the end of the year, with the renewed strengthening of the State and the recovery of the economic situation, everybody will be convinced that Austria can live; and thus that a second German State can exist in Europe, German, but master of its own destiny., 2. The Italian prisoners who fell into the hands of the Greeks are a few thousand, most of them wounded. On another occasion-not to tire you with too many figures-our intervention in the Falangist Revolution will be documented. In order that the morale of the troops of labour be as high as is necessary, we have advocated the postulate of higher social justice for all the Italian people, because a people who fail to find at home the conditions of life worthy of the Fascist age and of European standards, are a people who, at the hour of need, will be unable to give their utmost. ~X+0w_PI\{)L1oWy@Mq:6Yt|W8L^*Z/,@c/v The Fascist revolution will make another decisive step to shorten social distances. A reference to Arthur Henderson (b.1863 d.1935), a senior member of the British Labour Party and the official chairman of the Geneva Conference. https://www.nytimes.com/1936/05/06/archives/text-of-mussolini-speech.html. It will be you . Since then the land war on the Continent has ended and it cannot flare back. Under a Parliamentary Democracy, coalition governments are supposed to act as the intermediate between the Labor Unions and the Business Community. Let us begin with the East. ZKOoIV.A;p%2ferk?|MWBh 6OT` [ZZh**sz^ZfB~WgzSq+wl9>' D5nUZDuI7%7R*_I(xjG#~4Lf uLF1$iRn$7a>j\QhQS|igJW? When Emperor Haile Selassie refused to yield to these demands, Italy began mobilizing its forces. /Resources 6 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> They hate each other like brothers. Sorry for offtop, but will there be any posts about Benelux political figures of 1930-s and their ideas? a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Only during the period that goes from Oct. 1, 1937, to Jan. 31, 1940, were sent to Libya 14,000 officers and 396,358 soldiers, and organized two armies-the fifth and tenth. These important factors should account for why I concluded earlier that Catholic Social Teaching also tends to justify a Social-Democratic Mixed Economy as well as other economic models like State Capitalism. {jJe?2\'&G83am`dC:x#m0b|#1wX/O'#[RG}$#N7y8s,hwx@8ff!!bm%RNSSoxbh {@~PF| cq58yLQ;=>=4#lopX\% o?Rem)f7|>,W4:kZ`n4V[_.u#3yY5i>WtX2Ih9*KyUOu5`c1-4&fWV[1q&jsk6#^2t%$^^\Kz|lE+|#XR[`K#ch'LcFW V*rFi[i! League of Nations, - << /Length 8 0 R /Type /XObject /Subtype /Form /FormType 1 /BBox [0 0 612 792] There was a third attitude to take, which is the one the masses have already accepted, being a clear, explicit, sincere adhesion to the spirit and institutions of the Fascist Revolution. Churchill has not the least idea of the spiritual forces of the Italian people or of what Fascism can do. On this occasion, Mussolini held a speech in Rome: "During the thirty centuries of our history, Italy has known many solemn and memorable moments . A1vjp zN6p\W pG@ The industrial power of the United States certainly is great, but for aid to be useful supplies must safely reach England and also be of such quantity as not only to replace the destruction already inflicted and that which will come to the industrial plants of Britain, but also to bring about superiority over Germany. Minority Section. It means that they are ignorant of the civilian virtues and proud patriotism of the people who gave the fatherland Columbus, Garibaldi and Mazzini. That of hostility or reserve? No doubt citizen Henderson3, like all Britishers who respect themselves, is stubborn, but he will not succeed in bringing back to life the disarmist Lazarus crushed and buried under the weight of warships and cannons. She concentrated in Egypt fifteen divisions and a considerable mass of armored means and hurled them against our lines in Marmarica where on the first line were Libyan divisions, brave and faithful but unsuited to bear the attack of enemy machines. x: xSU^^fyIM!R 1Q2(t"[)q- This calls upon our energy and will-power. Roma Aka Mussolini Speaking To Massed Crowds In Rome (1936) Having definitely liquidated Britains armies on the European Continent, the war could not but assume a naval, air and, for us, also a colonial character. Mussolini and Hitler arrived together in an open car. /N 3 endobj They are both messengers of Caesarism, which sounds somewhere in the distance in the nebulous music of the future., Here, in architecture, the peculiarity of our time is strikingly evident: hitherto the artistic structures had been the tombs of kings or the places in which they held their courts or the community hall, or they served sacred purposes today the artistic building serves as a business office or it has no meaning at all, The Fundamentals of National Socialist Economic Policy, The Salzburg Conference and the National Socialist Party of the German Volk, The Second Danger: A Warning from the Fatherland Front, Extending a Hand to West Germanys Little Nazis. We will see all this before the end of October or the beginning of November. Where possible we resisted strongly and furiously. The atmosphere has improved and if an agreement is arrived at, as we sincerely hope it may, it will prove useful and fruitful to both countries in the general interest of Europe. We are not like the English. This political cartoon was created in 1932 by Alois Derso (1888--1964) and Emery Kelen (1896--1978). Italy, - Today this city, forever youthful and vigorous, and indissolubly bound to my life, has slackened the rhythm of its heart-beat. This is impossible because Germany now works with the men, machines and raw materials of the entire European Continent. . Haile Selassie I, E. O. E. (1936) Speech by the His Majesty Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, at the Assembly of the League of Nations, at the Session of June--July. Wb0{ 1936-Benito Mussolini / Speech / Rome / 1935 - 1936, Personality, Day, Gesticulating, Microphone, Speech, Adult, Fascist, Benito, Mussolini, Capital City, Smiling, Colosseum, Crowd, Historical, Footage, Lectern, Man Human, Public, Building, Helmet, Italian, Fascism, Landmark, Sights, Arms Crossed, Rome, People in General, People, Time of Day, Area of Life, Body Language, Procedure, Electronics, Electro, Technics, Technology, Communicating, Political, Movement, Society, Politician, Politics, Amphitheatre, Theatre, Culture, Group of People, Group, Quantity, Male Human, Gender, Edifice, Structure, Headguard, Headgear, Accessory, Private, Equipment, Concept, Condition, Lazio, Italy, Central, Southern, Europe, Continent, Outdoor Shot, Sequence, Architecture, Special Visualisation, archival, vintage, history, retro. War beyond the sea and in the desert. - << /ProcSet [ /PDF ] /XObject << /Fm1 5 0 R >> >> /Length 7600 The hour destined by fate is sounding for us. He fostered a cult of personality, projecting himself as an omnipotent and indispensable leader. Paragraph operations are made directly in the full article text panel located to the left.Paragraph operations include: Zone operations are made directly in the full article text panel located to the left.Zone operations include: Please choose from the following download options: The National Library of Australia's Copies Direct service lets you purchase higher quality, larger sized How the Church intends to integrate itself in those circumstances remains to be seen as a topic that continues to be relevant in Socialist countries with Catholic populations like Cuba. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, -06-30, 1936] Pdf. Some of these doubts were shared even by Italian Fascists, who were at times frustrated by the slow pace of corporatist reform and by the powerful influence which big business wielded when it came to the shaping of the Italian state. All the work of the Governors who succeeded each other in Libya was aimed at strengthening economically and militarily that large region, transforming the former desert or desert zones into fecund land. Mussolini's Balcony - Rome, Italy - Atlas Obscura In the face of this accepted and irrevocable decline there are only two means whereby to discipline the phenomenon of production. There is a peculiar tidbit of information that you had brought up regarding Ezra Pounds response to that 1934 speech. EXPLORE OUR ONLINE CHANNEL, BRITISH PATH TV. 1936-06-30, - Italo-Ethiopian War, (1935-36), an armed conflict that resulted in Ethiopia 's subjection to Italian rule. But if this should not come to pass, take it for granted that we, tempered as we are by the Fascist climate, will adorn the point of our bayonets with the oak and laurel of victory! Benito Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism (Firenze: Vallecchi, 1936). In December 1934, a clash, provoked by the Italians, occurred between Italian and Ethiopian armed forces at Walwal on the Ethiopian side of the frontier with Italian Somaliland. It means that the British do not at all know the race temperament of the Ligurian people in general and the Genoese in particular. These figures show that to the preparation of the Libyan defense we devoted an effort which can be described as imposing. Rome comrades! Hendrik de Man definitely, Ive been looking at putting some of his material on the blog for a while. . Both conditions are bound to one another. With European tension becoming graver, and following the events of 1935 and 1936, Libya, reconquered by Fascism, was considered one of the most delicate points in our general strategic setup, since it could be attacked from two fronts. Title devised, in English, by Library staff. After all, both Corporatism and Catholic Social Teaching do in fact advocate for an economic system that is neither Socialist nor Capitalist but as an entirely different category altogether. From 1929 to the present day the mass of Italian workers have drawn closer to the Fascist Revolution. The effort carried out militarily to strengthen Libya is shown by these figures. (D:20191218231401Z00'00') Ninth, that Fascist Italy dared measure herself against Great Britain is a matter of pride that will live through the centuries. Another proposed alternative, especially among those who are from Latin America, is Liberation Theology and its favorable views on Marxist Theory. Mussolini declared the incident "an act of self-defense" and thus not subject to arbitration under international agreements. q)6|M. Today this is a broken weapon because, from being a blockading nation, Britain became blockaded by the Axis air and naval forces and will increasingly be blockaded until catastrophe comes. [] Alois Derso (1888--1964) was a noted Hungarian cartoonist and satirist who worked for the League of Nations during the 1920s and 1930s. Let me open a brief parenthesis: your attitude to this exposition is acutely intelligent, which proves and counterproves to me that, whereas the diplomatic method must be reserve, one can always speak directly to the people in outlining the trend of foreign politics for a country as great as Italy. His. The World Disarmament Conference was held in Geneva through February 1932 to November 1934. Personally, I did not know about this speech until this ARPLAN Post had brought it to my attention. It is the geographic and historic order of things that the most difficult and most faraway theatres of war are reserved for Italy. Commanded by the born soldier the Viceroy is and by a group of generals of great valor, the national and native soldiers will cause great trouble to the enemy. 7 0 obj TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Benito Mussolini - Wikipedia On this day, November 2, in 1936, in a speech in Milan, Benito Mussolini announced the "Rome-Berlin" axis around which the entire world would revolve. x}[sKr{"VeKoXwD(@`H@\\HSULLe^!k{2_68q4R`71vog\?oLkmF S:gR_6mveFo6~pn_ vz:9likg10Ls}ru>o?oWOWw/?>]=\o7W7?n2PQ We only wish to see preserved and stressed the Italian character of the Canton Ticino, and this not only in our interest, but chiefly in the interest, and for the future of the Swiss republic. The German victory was facilitated by Italian non-belligerency which immobilized heavy naval, air and-land forces of the Anglo-French bloc. I come among you to look you firmly in the eyes, feel your temperature and break the silence which is dear to-me, especially in wartime. endstream Essays and articles posted on ARPLAN, except those written by myself personally, are not representative of my own personal opinions. We havent elevated lying into a government art nor into a narcotic for the people the way the London government has done. K0iABZyCAP8C@&*CP=#t] 4}a ;GDxJ> ,_@FXDBX$!k"EHqaYbVabJ0cVL6f3bX'?v 6-V``[a;p~\2n5 &x*sb|! The twenty-two corporations which were to make up the Corporate State followed in 1934, founded via a series of decrees and laws issued throughout the year. They set an example to the whole nation of civic and national solidarity, as it is understood by the rural workers of the province of Milan. It is because we are certain regarding the grade of national maturity reached by the Italian people and regarding the future development of events that we continue to follow the cult of truth and repudiate all falsification. In his speech, Hitler highlighted the uniqueness of Mussolini's visit as a 'demonstration joined by 115 million members of two peoples in greatest sentiment'. We have defended and will defend the independence of the Austrian republic, which was consecrated by the blood of a Chancellor who was physically small but great in heart and soul.1 Those who say that Italy has designs of aggression, that she wishes to impose a sort of protectorate over that Republic, are either not aware of the facts or are lying deliberately. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, -06-30] [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667904/. Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936, - They are both messengers of Caesarism, which sounds somewhere in the distance in the nebulous music of the future. Nikolai Ustrialov, Pod znakom revolutsii (1927), Here, in architecture, the peculiarity of our time is strikingly evident: hitherto the artistic structures had been the tombs of kings or the places in which they held their courts or the community hall, or they served sacred purposes today the artistic building serves as a business office or it has no meaning at all Werner Sombart, Deutscher Sozialismus (1934). IT'S FULL OF GREAT DOCUMENTARIES, FASCINATING INTERVIEWS, AND CLASSIC MOVIES. Mussolini founds the Fascist party - History The first gathering was that of the farmers whose gifts will help to ease the poverty of many families all over Italy. This formidable gathering of people closes the cycle of my three days in Milan. From the standpoint of human losses, they have been at a minimum if compared with the masses in action. This is not the first time this has occurred in the history of Italy! endobj Original resource at: United Nations Office at Geneva Library. 1936-Benito Mussolini / Speech / Rome / 1935 - Screenocean To be honest, that is an odd statement for me to make regarding somebody like Ezra Pound. When the war is over, in the worlds social revolution that will be followed by a more equitable distribution of the earths riches, due account must be kept of the sacrifices and of the discipline maintained by the Italian workers. Regarding the usage of that idea from Roman Catholicism, I should mention that when Mussolini invoked Social Justice as a reference to Catholic Social Teaching, Corporatism was not being intended to be a fulfillment of a national economy centered on the Catholic faith. I add that the operative plan, prepared by the superior command of the armed forces of Albania, was unanimously approved without reservations. 5 0 obj . Ezra Pound, a prominent foreign admirer of Fascist achievements, observed that with Mussolinis speech the problem of production was solved and that the great and final collapse of Scarcity Economics was finally at hand. The speech from October 2, 1934 (left) announces the war with Ethiopia, the one from May 9, 1936 (center) declares Ethiopia's annexation, and the one from May 5, 1936 (right) proclaims the occupation of Addis Ababa by Italian troops. The French translation is on the right. Under a different set of circumstances, it is possible that the Church could find ways of tolerating a National Socialist Council Democracy. Seventh, when Great Britain falls, then the war will be ended, even if by any chance it should die out slowly in other countries of the British Empire. If there is a true and fruitful peace, which must be accompanied by justice, we will adorn our rifles with the olive branch. /z?tPLc.r8#[0iFJc4Az9,PPB R wC`%CZkMEYvC.d;+G+_IJ0 mNU^TX(JMl1pSfhGE#u$("d lOWI^- Italian politician Benito Mussolini making a speech at the square of the Milan Cathedral, Italy, circa 1930. Some ignorant foreign commentators should take due account of this. endobj They must add at least one zero to the figures of their communiqus. After World War II, the Italians were. 3 0 obj The improvement of relations between the various countries of Europe is all the more important in that the Disarmament Conference has failed.2. Oswald Spengler, Preuentum und Sozialismus (1919), The revolutionary use of force by the masses is an expression of immediate life, often wild and barbaric, but never systematically horrible and inhuman. Carl Schmitt, Die geistesgeschichtliche Lage des heutigen Parlamentarismus (1923), Russian Bolshevism and Italian fascism are kindred phenomena, they are signs of an epoch. a hybrid Left-Right organization devoted to the study of Soviet planned economics (the Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Stadium der Sowjetrussichen Planwirtschaft, or Arplan) exceptional for including a sizeable contingent of conservative revolutionaries and fascist intellectuals David Michael-Fox, Showcasing the Experiment (2009). J[~j[JY .Y:.:H It would seem to be a logical conclusion, given the concessions that the Fascists had already made to the Italian Liberal Capitalists in the 1920s in order to rebuild Italy after World War I. ROME, May 5. This gives me the opportunity to state that the development of European history is inconceivable without Germany, but that it is necessary that certain currents and certain circles should not convey the impression that Germany wishes to remain outside the trend of European history. Yes, there was once a time when the Catholic Church did in fact espouse Corporatism, and this was before the Second Vatican Council, even though not everyone in the Church supported it. The Ethiopian war was hardly finished when from the other shore of the Mediterranean there reached us appeals from General Franco, who had begun his national revolution. The Italians marched in on May 5, 1936, and on June 1, Ethiopia was officially annexed by Italy, which de facto was the end of the war, even though the Ethiopians never formally surrendered. Tenth, to beat the Axis, Great Britains armies would have to land on the Continent, invade Germany and Italy and defeat their armies, and this no Englishman, no matter how insane and delirious by the use and abuse of drugs and alcohol, can even dream of. Benito mussolini speech Stock Photos and Images - Alamy << /Type /Page /Parent 7 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R /MediaBox Furthermore this creative act, which has placed Italy at the vanguard of all countries requires that the nation should be left alone and at peace internationally. There remains Russia, but her fundamental interests advise her also to follow in the future a good-neighbor policy with Germany. Let it be said once for all that the Italian soldiers in Albania combated superbly. The lightning-like and crushing victory of Germany in the West eliminated the eventuality of a long continental war. 5 0 obj Five years ago, at this time, the pillars of a temple which seemed to defy the ages, crashed with terrific noise. <> It was during October and November that Great Britain gathered and lined up against us the mass of her imperial forces, recruited from three continents and armed by a fourth. .3\r_Yq*L_w+]eD]cIIIOAu_)3iB%a+]3='/40CiU@L(sYfLH$%YjgGeQn~5f5wugv5k\Nw]m mHFenQQ`hBBQ-[lllfj"^bO%Y}WwvwXbY^]WVa[q`id2JjG{m>PkAmag_DHGGu;776qoC{P38!9-?|gK9w~B:Wt>^rUg9];}}_~imp}]/}.{^=}^?z8hc' The Greek successes do not go out of the tactical field and only megalomania has magnified them. The Fifth Air Squadron was literally sacrificed, almost entirely. >> It is no longer economy aiming at individual profit, but economy concerned with collective interests. Text of Mussolini Speech - The New York Times One entire army-the Tenth-was broken up almost completely with its men and cannon. Never heard of Joris van Severen before, Ill look into him. Those who are indifferent have never made and never will make history.
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