On March 2, the delegates declared independence, forming the Republic of Texas. [154] News of the Alamo's fall had the opposite effect, and men flocked to join Houston's army. [124][127], By 6:30 a.m. the battle for the Alamo was over. Stew Leonard, founder of famous grocery chain, dies at 93 after 'brief illness' April 27, 2023 | 5:47pm "Yesterday, my dad passed away at 93-1/2 years old while holding my mother's hand" [2][3][4] This would represent about one quarter of the over 2,000 Mexican soldiers involved in the final assault, which Todish remarks is "a tremendous casualty rate by any standards". Dr. E.F. Mitchusson, Dispatched on a personal errand for Segun February 23, Assumed to be a courier, who left with John William Smith, Chief surgeon of the garrison, created a hospital in the fortress, Left February 25 to recruit reinforcements, The final courier sent to Washington-on-the-Brazos, unable to return, Left for Gonzales as a courier on February 23; relayed the Travis letter from Albert Martin to the provisional government at, Sent to Gonzales for reinforcements on February 23, Namesake of Taylor County, brother of Edward and James, entered March 1 or 4, Namesake of Taylor County, Texas, brother of George and Edward, entered March 1 or 4, Per historian Lindley, no first name on the muster rolls, Slave of William B. Travis, fought beside him in the battle; accompanied Susanna Dickinson to Gonzales. 131.). Autry was a War of 1812 Veteran who fought the British in the Southern United States. 910. The first report of the names of the Tcxian victims of the battle came in the March 24, 1836 issue of the Telegraph and TaIlS Register. [36][37][38], As the Texians struggled to find men and supplies, Santa Anna continued to gather men at San Luis Potosi; by the end of 1835, his army numbered 6,019 soldiers. He died on October 19, 1918, probably the last survivor of the Alamo. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. The Alamo is a symbol for courage even in the . [163] According to Bill Groneman's Battlefields of Texas, the Alamo has become "the most popular tourist site in Texas".[162]. It is estimated that 1,500 Mexicans died during the battle. Groneman (1990), pp. The typical Alamo fighter was 26 years old, which was the age of their commander. Battle of the Alamo - Wikipedia Santa Anna reached San Antonio de Bexar and asked the Texan rebels to surrender, but they refused. List of people from Texas - Wikipedia Groneman (1990), p. 47; Edmondson (2000), p. 371. Many people died in the Alamo, but the most famous names include Barrett, Bonham and Davy Crockett. Once the rebels succeeded in breaking Texas away from Mexico and establishing an independent . It was the time of the Texas Revolution. 4 in 1955. The Mexican army was commanded by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Manuel Fernandez Castrillon, and Martin Perfecto de Cos. [Note 2], In response to pleas from Travis, James Fannin started from Goliad with 320 men, supplies and armaments, yet had to abort a day later due to a wagon breakdown. And now it remains for him to be generous to the vanquished." [71] Throughout the siege these towns had received multiple couriers, dispatched by Travis to plead for reinforcements and supplies. [54][Note 9], The first night of the siege was relatively quiet. The Battle of the Alamo is a significant part of the Texas Revolution. Here are some important facts related to the total deaths during the battle of the Alamo: The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. [122] Texian Robert Evans, the master of ordnance, had been tasked with keeping the gunpowder from falling into Mexican hands. [181] Conversely, the bar owner says that he wishes to participate in the economic success of adding an Alamo museum and that there is a certain unjust irony of seizing his property to expand the Alamo. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. [109][111][113] As the Mexican cavalry advanced on the group, Almaron Dickinson and his artillery crew turned a cannon around and fired into the cavalry, probably inflicting casualties. [44][45] Unaware of the Mexican Army's proximity, the majority of the Alamo garrison joined Bxar residents at a fiesta. 24th. It is a huge part of Texas history. Carrington (1993), pp. [24] In lieu of service pay, the cash-poor Republic of Texas adopted the system of military land grants. [23] A wooden palisade stretched between these two buildings. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Todish (1998), p. 81. The Alamo has been the subject of numerous non-fictions beginning in 1843. When the Texas Revolution started, he raised a contingent of men from Tennessee to march to the Alamo from Louisiana. Women of the Alamo - True West Magazine Groneman (1990), p. 79; Todish (1998), p. 83; Moore (2007), p. 100. General Manuel Castrilln quickly assumed command of Duque's column. [14] Remains thought to be those of the Alamo defenders were discovered at the Cathedral of San Fernando during the Texas 1936 centennial, and re-interred in a marble sarcophagus. [126] Mexican soldiers inspected each corpse, bayoneting any body that moved. Here is the real name of some of the most famous musicians and how it was chosen. [170] Marty Robbins recorded a version of the song "The Ballad of the Alamo" in 1960 which spent 13 weeks on the pop charts, peaking at No. To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World, List of Texian survivors of the Battle of the Alamo, "Telegraph and Texas Register May 28, 1837", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Alamo_defenders&oldid=1150924354, Left on March 5 as the final courier sent from the Alamo, First courier sent out after arrival of Mexican troops on February 23, Adjutant of the garrison, next in command after co-commanders Bowie and Travis, Left February 29 as a courier to Gonzales, unable to enter the Alamo, Courier to Goliad and Gonzales, returned March 3, possibly died manning one of the cannons, Co-commander of the garrison after the departure of James. Texan Dr. J. H. Barnard who tended the Mexican soldiers reported 300-400 dead and 200-300 wounded. William B. Travis was killed during the attack of dawn on March 6, 1836. It is also considered more faithful to the actual events than other movies. Santa Anna ordered the shelling of the Alamo, but the Texans refused to surrender. At least thirty of the Americans who died at the siege at The Alamo were from Tennessee the most famous being David Crockett. [Note 10][80] In the darkness, the Texians fired on the remaining 32 men, whom they assumed were Mexican soldiers. [171] Jane Bowers' song "Remember the Alamo" has been recorded by artists including Johnny Cash,[172] Willie Nelson,[173] and Donovan. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 76. [118] Others claimed that Bowie shot himself or was killed by soldiers while too weak to lift his head. The Alamo, founded as a mission in 1718, is famous for being the site of an 1836 battle during the Texas Revolution. [Note 19][135] The only exception was the body of Gregorio Esparza. Mexican soldiers turned the cannon towards the barracks. Joe was the slave of William B. Travis, the commander of the Alamo during Mexican dictator Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's siege of the Texian fort. March 1, 1836: Around 32 reinforcements came from Gonzales to help the Texans. Micajah Autrie was a merchant, poet, and lawyer. Ben Milam, who was killed, led a house-to-house fight to drive them from the town and a nearby mission known as the Alamo and forced their surrender. [98] As a precaution, 500 Mexican cavalry were positioned around the Alamo to prevent the escape of either Texian or Mexican soldiers. 372. Many of his senior officers recommended that they wait for two 12-pounder cannons anticipated to arrive on March 7. [46] Few arrangements had been made for a potential siege. 124. The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution. Warnell died several months later of wounds incurred either during the final battle or during his escape as a courier. He joined the Battle of Alamo under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Barrett Travis. [1] President Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna and the government in Mexico City believed the United States had instigated the insurrection with a goal of annexing Texas. Las Siete Leyes (Spanish:[las sjete lees]), or Seven Laws, were a series of constitutional changes that fundamentally altered the organizational structure of Mexico, ending the first federal period and creating a unitary republic, officially the Mexican Republic (Spanish: Repblica Mexicana). James Bonham Bonham came to the Alamo with Jim Bowie because of his growing discontent with U.S. President Andrew Jackson's policies. It was only when Col. James Bowie arrived at the Alamo to remove the guns did they realize its strategic importance. [90] Most scholars disregard this tale as there is no primary source evidence to support it (the story only surfaced decades after the battle in a third-hand account). The Alamo - History Between 1811 and 1813, Navarro watched as anti-colonial revolutionaries took control of his town, only to be violently defeated by the Spanish army. [28][29] The Texian government was in turmoil and unable to provide much assistance. He died in 1860. According to historian Mary Deborah Petite, the letter is "considered by many as one of the masterpieces of American patriotism. [139][140], Mexican soldiers were buried in the local cemetery, Campo Santo. As the Texians discharged their previously loaded rifles, they found it increasingly difficult to reload while attempting to keep Mexican soldiers from scaling the walls. Nov. 25, 2021. One man was wounded, and his English curses convinced the occupiers to open the gates. [57] No Texians were injured.[65]. African Americans and the Battle for the Alamo - Sons of DeWitt Colony [28] Colonel James C. Neill, the acting Alamo commander, wrote to the provisional government: "If there has ever been a dollar here I have no knowledge of it". According to the sources, he died on his bed after killing several Mexican soldiers with his gun. Several noncombatants were sent to Gonzales to spread word of the Texian defeat. [11] [100], At 5:30 a.m. troops silently advanced. [110] The Mexican soldiers closest to the north wall realized that the makeshift wall contained many gaps and toeholds. "Remember the Alamo," the famous saying goesbut how you remember is just as important. Joined relief force from Gonzales, arrived March 1, 1836. The Mexican soldiers pushed the Alamo defenders behind the church. [105] Few of the Mexican ladders reached the walls. [9] Although Santa Anna refused to consider a proposed conditional surrender, he extended an offer of amnesty for all Tejanos inside the fortress to walk away unharmed. 374, 377. [25] The walls surrounding the complex were at least 2.75 feet (0.84m) thick and ranged from 912ft (2.73.7m) high. Following a 13-day siege, Mexican troops under President General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Bxar (modern-day San Antonio, Texas, United States), killing most of the occupants. Notable People in the Alamo Battle | American Experience | PBS Esparza's brother Francisco was a soldier in the Mexican army and received permission from Santa Anna for a Christian burial. Ad voice-over 2: You can't come to San Antonio, Texas, and not visit the world-famous Alamo! (Todish, According to Edmondson, Wolf then ran into the room, grabbed his remaining son, and leaped with the child from the cannon ramp at the rear of the church; both were killed by musket shots before hitting the ground. [12], In October, Texians engaged Mexican troops in the first official battle of the Texas Revolution. Although the garrison made up of colonists, soldiers and others was wiped out . The numbers range from 182 to 257. [30], Houston could not spare the number of men necessary to mount a successful defense. In December of 1835, the Texian Army besieged the Mexican garrison soldiers of General Martin Perfecto de Cos in Bexar and the Alamo. PDF List of Alamo defenders - aycocklaw.com [107] Duque fell from his horse after sustaining a wound in his thigh and was almost trampled by his own men. Only two people did. They were too far from the barracks. [2] Some people, historians, and survivors such as Susanna Dickinson have estimated that over 1,000-1,600 Mexican soldiers were killed and wounded, but it is most likely that total casualties were less than 600. However, his enterprising son, Stephen Fuller Austin, who had attended school at Tray . Impressed with Susanna Dickinson, Santa Anna offered to adopt her infant daughter Angelina and have the child educated in Mexico City. Cos and his men approached the northwest corner of the Alamo,[98] while Duque led his men from the northwest towards a repaired breach in the Alamo's north wall. [169], Several songwriters have been inspired by the Battle of the Alamo. He boasted to Texian Army commander Sam Houston that the Texians could "whip 10 to 1 with our artillery". ), A week after Neill sent his letter, the Texian provisional legislature impeached, Houston's orders to Bowie were vague, and historians disagree on their intent. [109] When Santa Anna saw that the bulk of his army was massed against the north wall, he feared a rout; "panicked", he sent the reserves into the same area. Some Tejanos were part of the Bexar military garrison, but others were part of Seguin's volunteer scout company and were in the Alamo on or before Feb 23. How a one-woman standoff in 1908 helped save Alamo landmark in Texas [16], Research into the battle, and exactly who was inside the fortress, began when the Alamo fell and has continued with no signs of abatement. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 25. Two 16-year-olds died for Texas' liberty there. Those who were unable to reach these points were slain by the Mexican cavalry as they attempted to escape. Jews at the Alamo - The New York Times response of Jos Bartres to Texian requests for an honorable surrender, as quoted in the journal of Juan Almonte[51], By late afternoon Bxar was occupied by about 1,500 Mexican soldiers. [19], When the Alamo Cenotaph was created by Pompeo Coppini in 1939, the 187 defender names on the monument came from the research of Amelia Williams,[20] considered the leading Alamo authority of her day. The real name (which you may not have known) of some of the most famous The motto 'is 'Remember the Alamo. They were allowed to return to Mexico, freeing Texas of Mexican troops. [151], Despite their losses at the Alamo, the Mexican army in Texas still outnumbered the Texian army by almost six to one. Burial Ground Under the Alamo Stirs a Texas Feud Lacking a completed claim, proof of service would appear only on a muster list.[25]. Remembering The Alamo And Its Young Defenders | Texas Standard Mexican generals were unable to stop the bloodlust and appealed to Santa Anna for help. Their column formation allowed only the front rows of soldiers to fire safely. The following is a list of those who sacrificed their life for the independence of Texas from Mexico: Micajah Autry, Jackson. [126] Another Texian, Brigido Guerrero, also sought refuge in the sacristy. "Pennsylvania to the Alamo," is song Number 11 on a CD called "A Mountain Man's Dream," just released by Danville musician and schoolteacher Van Wagner. Four people of Jewish descent did, however, die in the Alamo battle of March 6, 1836. [7], A fierce defense was launched from within the walls, even as Bowie and Travis made unsuccessful attempts to negotiate with the Mexican army. The Texas Legislature purchased the land and buildings in the early part of the 20th century and designated the Alamo chapel as an official Texas State Shrine. Groneman (1990), p. 9; Moore (2007), p. 100. (Edmondson (2000), p. [104] Travis rushed to his post yelling, "Come on boys, the Mexicans are upon us and we'll give them hell! [75] On February 26, after days of indecision, Fannin ordered 320 men, four cannons, and several supply wagons to march towards the Alamo, 90 miles (140km) away. His presence at the Alamo was a good morale boost for the outnumbered Texians, but it would not be enough to prevent them from being overwhelmed. Reserve a free ticket to Alamo Church, schedule a tour, or plan to view the Phil Collins Collections and more in the new Ralston Family Volunteers in the Texian Army asserted the right to choose their own leaders, and most of them were unwilling to serve under officers of the regular army. When the cavalry charged, the Texians took cover and began firing from a ditch. Lindley (2003), p. 144; Groneman (1990), p. 81. [119] According to historian Wallace Chariton, the "most popular, and probably the most accurate"[120] version is that Bowie died on his cot, "back braced against the wall, and using his pistols and his famous knife. Susanna Dickinson became the most famous woman survivor of the battle. Historians Jack Jackson and John Wheat attributed that high figure to Santa Anna's playing to his political base. He had already led Texian forces on two occasions before coming to the Alamo. He roamed the new country for a while, finally settling in Louisiana after quitting farming to become a lawyer. Todish (1998), p. 82; Lindley (2003), p. 144; Moore (2007), p. 100. He went out of Alamo to search for men during the war and returned three days later. [76][77] Fannin blamed the retreat on his officers; the officers and enlisted men accused Fannin of aborting the mission. The Alamo [102] At this point, the silence was broken by shouts of "Viva Santa Anna!" [111] As the Texian occupiers abandoned the north wall and the northern end of the west wall,[108][111] Texian gunners at the south end of the mission turned their cannon towards the north and fired into the advancing Mexican soldiers. Groneman (2001), p. 1; Lindley (2003), pp. [57] During the first week of the siege more than 200 cannonballs landed in the Alamo plaza. 8990; Moore (2004), pp. For the song, see, "Alamo" and "The Alamo" redirect here. Alamo defenders who fought at the Siege of Bxar Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. You have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at the foot of each newsletter. During the assault on the Alamo, Crockett and his marksmen were too far from the barracks to retreat there, and were left to their own devices as Mexican soldiers swarmed around them. p. 236; Todish (1998), p. 85. [51] Travis was angered that Bowie had acted unilaterally and sent his own representative, Captain Albert Martin. Adina De Zavala had no bed or even a chair to sleep on. As Mexican soldiers scaled the walls, most of the Texian fighters withdrew into interior buildings. [17] Angered by what he perceived to be United States interference in Mexican affairs, Santa Anna spearheaded a resolution classifying foreign immigrants found fighting in Texas as pirates. Lindley (2003), p. 143; Groneman (1990), p. 34. (signed) William Barret Travis, February 23, 1836" Letter to Gonzales alcalde Andrew Ponton. [145] The day after the battle, he interviewed each noncombatant individually. It serves as the frontier picquet guard, and if it were in the possession of Santa Anna, there is no stronghold from which to repel him in his march towards the Sabine. The Texian force grew slightly with the arrival of reinforcements led by eventual Alamo co-commanders James Bowie and William B. Travis. [78], Texians gathered in Gonzales were unaware of Fannin's return to Goliad, and most continued to wait. Lasting from February 23 to March 6, 1836, the Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Unable to reload, they used their rifles as clubs and fought with knives. Until recent decades, accounts of Tejano participation in the Texas revolution were notably absent, but historians such as Timothy M. Matovina[26] and Jess F. de la Teja[27] have helped add that missing perspective to the battle's events. [58] On the evening of February 26 Colonel Juan Bringas engaged several Texians who were burning more huts. [142] According to a March 28, 1837, article in the Telegraph and Texas Register,[143] Segun buried the coffin under a peach tree grove. During the 1836 Battle of the Alamo, nearly 200 defenders died following a 13-day battle with Mexican forces led by General Santa Anna. I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country. The original artist of the now-famous "Line in the Sand," Travis straight-up told the defenders of the Alamo that they were all that stood between Santa Anna and the rest of Texas. Almaron Dickinson (1800-1836), Texian soldier, died at Alamo; James Fannin (c. 1804-1836), key figure during Texas Revolution; The Battle of the Alamo was fought during the Texas revolution at a small fort in San Antonio, Texas. [4] Most Texian soldiers in Bxar left to join a planned invasion of Matamoros, Mexico. The Mexican army left women, children, and enslaved people. The first consisted of four men who gained the fort one night, and the second was a party of twenty-five." Throughout the later years and up to the 1830s, the mission would become home to various outfits, including revolutionaries and rebels. [2] Most eyewitnesses counted between 182 and 257 Texians killed. [134] Another officer then remarked that "with another such victory as this, we'll go to the devil". November 1836: The Commander in chief of the Texas Army, Sam Houston, was selected. Lindley's 2003 Alamo Traces: New Evidence and New Conclusions is the result of his 15-year study of the battle, and upended much of what was previously accepted as fact. Many famous Texan and American figures lost their lives during the 13-day siege, including David Bowie, William B. Travis, and Davy Crockett. Lord (1961), p. 217; Todish (1998), p. 83. The granite supports feature the inscribed names of Alamo defenders including James Bowie, Williams B. Travis and David Crockett. At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. There is no evidence Davy Crockett went down fighting, as John Wayne famously did in his 1960 movie The Alamo, a font of misinformation; there is ample testimony from Mexican soldiers that. January 17, 1836: James Bowie arrives at the garrison in Alamo. The resolution effectively banned the taking of prisoners of war: in this period of time, captured pirates were executed immediately. Susanna would be forever afflicted by the horror of the battle. Little known fact Jim Bowie got the idea for the eponymous knife from David Bowie who actually got the idea from Andy Warhol's famous knife painting. One of the first to scale the 12-foot (3.7 m) wall was General Juan Amador; at his challenge, his men began swarming up the wall. (Myers (1948), pp. Well over half of the defenders of the Alamo were under 30. [33] Few reinforcements were authorized; cavalry officer William B. Travis arrived in Bxar with 30 men on February 3. [97] The noise woke the Texians. [Note 16][133], Santa Anna reportedly told Captain Fernando Urizza that the battle "was but a small affair". [26][Note 1], To compensate for the lack of firing ports, Texian engineer Green B. Jameson constructed catwalks to allow defenders to fire over the walls; this method, however, left the rifleman's upper body exposed. On February 23, approximately 1,500 Mexicans marched into San Antonio de Bxar as the first step in a campaign to retake Texas. He had arrived at the Alamo on February 23, 1836 and he died there on March 6, 1836 as he fought alongside Travis, Crocket and the others. Poyo (1996), p. 54, "Efficient in the Cause" (Stephen L. Harden). At some point that day, Bowie collapsed from illness,[60] leaving Travis in sole command of the garrison. This letter was not widely distributed, and it is unlikely that most of the United States recruits serving in the Texian Army were aware that there would be no prisoners of war. [85] Lindley's research indicates that up to 50 of these men had come from Goliad after Fannin's aborted rescue mission. [30][Note 2] Four different men claimed to have been given command over the entire army. (Edmondson (2000), p. as they slaughtered fleeing Mexican troops. [Note 3] Others who had left intending to return were unable to re-enter. [117] In the confusion, the Texians had neglected to spike their cannon before retreating. [108] Others climbed through gun ports in the west wall, which had few occupiers. The most notable group from Gonzales in the final days was the Gonzales Mounted Ranger Company, nicknamed the Immortal 32 in later decades, although the exact head count of that company varies by source. In late 1835, the Texan rebels captured the Alamo and pushed the Mexican army out of Texas. [158] Santa Anna had been disgraced following his capture at the Battle of San Jacinto, and many Mexican accounts of the battle were written by men who had been, or had become, his outspoken critics. Tennessee Ernie Ford's "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" spent 16 weeks on the country music charts, peaking at No. The others had left Gonzales several days earlier. Frontiersman, Congressman, Indian Fighter, and a defender at the Alamo: Colonel David Crockett the most famous man from Tennessee. Groneman (1990), p. 53; Moore (2007), p. 100. Smith never gave orders on this issue. [58] Neither army was prepared for the cold temperatures. Flames consume defenders' remains in "The Funeral Pyre After the Fall of the Alamo," a 1923 painting by Jos Arpa (1858-1952). [136] Other estimates of the number of Mexican soldiers killed ranged from 60 to 200, with an additional 250300 wounded. [Note 3] On January 14, Neill approached one of them, Sam Houston, for assistance in gathering supplies, clothing, and ammunition. It was a battle between the Texans and Mexican soldiers to defend the Fort of the Alamo. The reinforcements brought the number of Mexican soldiers in Bxar to almost 3,100. Most Texan soldiers were killed during the battle. [180], "Remember the Alamo" redirects here. The lmlinlrlpr nf clavprv saw in >< . Ghosts of the Alamo - Legends of America It was Bonham who rode out of the Alamo to look for more men and material to support the defense of the fort. [156] Santa Anna was captured the following day, and reportedly told Houston: "That man may consider himself born to no common destiny who has conquered the Napoleon of the West. No matter how he ended up there, he was one of many slaves and free blacks who fought or died at the Alamo. Bowie celebrated by getting very intoxicated and creating havoc in Bxar. [143], In an attempt to convince other slaves in Texas to support the Mexican government over the Texian rebellion, Santa Anna spared Travis' slave, Joe. Heim had unknowingly chosen to watch the parade from the Alamo Reverent Zone, the area of Alamo Plaza between Houston and Crockett streets. In early 1836, the Battle of the Alamo took place. Santa Anna remained in camp with the 400 reserves. Within Mexico, the battle has often been overshadowed by events from the MexicanAmerican War of 18461848. It is called The Alamo, and the very mention of it stirs hearts all over the Lone Star State. Groneman (1990), p. 62; Lindley (2003), p. 143. The battle was over in less than two hours, leaving great Texas heroes like Jim Bowie, James Butler Bonham, and William Travis dead. Over 600 people died in the Alamo. [11] The bodies, with the exception of Gregorio Esparza's, were cremated on pyres and abandoned. [162] In front of the church, in the center of Alamo Plaza, stands a cenotaph, designed by Pompeo Coppini, which commemorates the Texians and Tejanos who died during the battle. Arnold was the son-in-law of the famous Deaf Smith, being married to the daughter of Smith's wife by her first marriage.7 excerpt from William B. Travis's letter "To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World".[69]. [84] The scouts discovered a large group of Texians camped 20 miles (32km) from the Alamo.
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